Database as a Service (DBAAS): Aplicação de patches de forma simplificada

Por Yenugula Venkata Ravikumar , Nassyam Basha e Alex Zaballa
Postado em Novembro 2016

Revisado por Marcelo Pivovar - Solution Architect

Introdução
Aplicar patches no banco de dados deveria ser uma tarefa regular executada ao menos trimestralmente quando a Oracle lança as correções de segurança.
As numerosas tarefas e desafios da aplicação de patches em ambientes On-Premises são drasticamente simplificadas quando estamos na Oracle Cloud.
Neste artigo iremos verificar como é possível aplicar um patch no seu banco de dados com apenas um clique.

Desafios para aplicar patches em ambientes On-Premises
Abaixo estão alguns dos itens (os mais importantes), em que é necessária a realização de uma avaliação detalhada antes de aplicar um patch em um ambiente On-Premise:

• Que patches foram aplicados
• Que patches podemos aplicar
• Download dos patches
• Versão do utilitário OPATCH
• Detecção e resolução de conflitos
• Tarefas pós-aplicação do patch
• Objetos Inválidos

DBAAS – Cloud patching
Vamos considerar um cliente que migrou um banco de dados on-premise para a Oracle Cloud.

Pergunta: É fácil aplicar um patch no banco de dados que está na nuvem (DBAAS)?

Pensamento provável: Provavelmente deveremos executar os mesmos passos que executávamos em ambientes on-premises.

Resposta: Apenas um clique e em cerca de 30 minutos tudo é feito automaticamente para você.

Informações do ambiente:
Service/Hostname: CKPT-DBaaS
Domain:  nassyambasha
Oracle RDBMS: 12.1.0.2
Database: On Cloud
SID: ORC1
Versão do OPatch: 12.1.0.1.10
Patch que será aplicado:  April 2016 PSU
Patch 22291127: DATABASE PATCH SET UPDATE 12.1.0.2.160419
Patch 22291127 - Database Patch Set Update 12.1.0.2.160419 (Includes CPUApr2016)

Aplicando o Patch

Para acessar a console e verificar a lista de banco de dados disponíveis, siga o seguinte caminho:

Dashboard à Oracle Database Cloud Service à Services

Nessa página, é possível verificar as informações de hardware e conectividade.

Na aba Administration, é possível verificar as informações de patches.

Podemos verificar a lista de patches disponíveis, que nesse caso é o PSU update 12.1.0.2.160419 (April 2016 PSU).

Antes de aplicar o patch, devemos executar um “pre-check”, que irá nos informar sobre possíveis conflitos:

Pre-check em andamento:

Como podemos verificar abaixo, podemos proceder com a aplicação do patch:

Antes de aplicar o patch via console, podemos também verificar via linha de comando os patches que já foram aplicados nesse banco de dados:

[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ hostname
CKPT-DBaaS
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ id
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$

[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ OPatch version
OPatch Version: 12.1.0.1.10

OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ OPatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.1.0.1.10
Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 12.1.0.1.10
OUI version       : 12.1.0.2.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/OPatch/OPatch2016-07-16_08-23-00AM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : 

/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/OPatch/lsinv/lsinventory2016-07-16_08-23-00AM.txt

----------------------------------------------------------------------Local Machine Information::
Hostname: CKPT-DBaaS.compute-nassyambasha.oraclecloud.internal
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 12c                                                  12.1.0.2.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (3) :

Patch  22139226     : applied on Thu Jan 21 12:30:53 IST 2016
Unique Patch ID:  19729684
Patch description:  "Database PSU 12.1.0.2.160119, Oracle JavaVM Component (Jan2016)"
Created on 4 Jan 2016, 01:41:46 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19699946, 19176885, 19623450, 22139226, 19909862, 21811517, 19223010
21068507, 19895326, 19877336, 22118835, 22118851, 21566993, 19153980
20408829, 21047766, 19231857, 19895362, 19855285, 20415564, 21555660
19245191, 21047803, 20408866, 21566944

Patch  22543975     : applied on Thu Jan 21 12:27:21 IST 2016
Unique Patch ID:  19772638
Created on 20 Jan 2016, 19:09:00 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19770063, 19665921, 21281607, 21154593, 22543975, 21294504
This patch overlays patches:
21948354
This patch needs patches:
21948354
as prerequisites

Patch  21948354     : applied on Thu Jan 21 12:20:58 IST 2016
Unique Patch ID:  19553095
Patch description:  "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160119 (21948354)"
Created on 20 Dec 2015, 23:39:33 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch  21359755; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.5 (21359755)"
Sub-patch  20831110; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.4 (20831110)"
Sub-patch  20299023; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.3 (20299023)"
Sub-patch  19769480; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.2 (19769480)"
Bugs fixed:
19189525, 19075256, 19141838, 19865345, 19791273, 19280225, 18845653
20951038, 19243521, 19248799, 21756699, 18988834, 19238590, 21281532
20245930, 18921743, 18799063, 19134173, 19571367, 20476175, 20925795
19018206, 20509482, 20387265, 20588502, 19149990, 18849537, 18886413
17551063, 19183343, 19703301, 19001390, 18202441, 19189317, 19644859
19358317, 19390567, 19279273, 19706965, 19068970, 19619732, 20348653
18607546, 18940497, 19670108, 19649152, 18948177, 19315691, 19676905
18964978, 19035573, 20165574, 19176326, 20413820, 20558005, 19176223
19532017, 20134339, 19074147, 18411216, 20361671, 20425790, 18966843
20294666, 19307662, 19371175, 19195895, 19154375, 19468991, 19174521
19520602, 19382851, 21875360, 19326908, 19658708, 20093776, 20618595
21787056, 17835294, 19791377, 19068610, 20048359, 20746251, 19143550
19185876, 19627012, 20281121, 19577410, 22092979, 19001359, 19518079
18610915, 19490948, 18674024, 18306996, 19309466, 19081128, 19915271
20122715, 21188532, 20284155, 18791688, 20890311, 21442094, 18973548
19303936, 19597439, 20235511, 18964939, 19430401, 19044962, 19409212
19879746, 20657441, 19684504, 19024808, 18799993, 20877664, 19028800
19065556, 19723336, 19077215, 19604659, 21421886, 19524384, 19048007
18288842, 19689979, 20446883, 18952989, 16870214, 19928926, 21526048
19180770, 19197175, 19902195, 20318889, 19730508, 19012119, 19067244
20074391, 19512341, 19841800, 14643995, 20331945, 19587324, 19547370
19065677, 19637186, 21225209, 20397490, 18967382, 19174430, 18674047
19054077, 19536415, 19708632, 19289642, 20869721, 19335438, 17365043
18856999, 19869255, 20471920, 19468347, 21620471, 16359751, 18990693
17890099, 19439759, 19769480, 19272708, 19978542, 20101006, 21300341
20402832, 19329654, 19873610, 21668627, 21517440, 19304354, 19052488
20794034, 19291380, 18681056, 19896336, 19076343, 19561643, 18618122
20440930, 18456643, 19699191, 18909599, 19487147, 18250893, 19016730
18743542, 20347562, 16619249, 18354830, 19687159, 19174942, 20424899
19989009, 20688221, 20441797, 19157754, 19032777, 19058490, 19399918
18885870, 19434529, 19018447, 18417036, 20919320, 19022470, 19284031
20474192, 20173897, 22062026, 19385656, 19501299, 17274537, 20899461
19440586, 16887946, 19606174, 18436647, 17655240, 19023822, 19178851
19124589, 19805359, 19597583, 19155797, 19393542, 19050649

----------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$

De volta a console, iremos proceder com a aplicação do patch:

Antes de continuar, é exibido um alerta de que ocorrerá indisponibilidade do ambiente durante a aplicação do patch e teremos que concordar para prosseguir:

Aplicação do patch em andamento:

A aplicação do patch pode ser monitorada na seção “Last Patch applied”:

Durante a aplicação do patch, podemos verificar via linha de comando que os serviços estão down:

[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon
oracle    6848  1369  0 08:36 pts/1    00:00:00 grep pmon
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ ps -ef|grep tns
root        20     2  0 Jun26 ?        00:00:00 [netns]
oracle    6850  1369  0 08:36 pts/1    00:00:00 grep tns
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$

A duração da aplicação do patch foi de 25 minutos:

Em 25 minutos, foram executadas as seguintes tarefas:

• Download do patch
• Aplicação do patch
• Carga dos SQLs no banco de dados
• Recompilação dos objetos inválidos

O histórico dos patches aplicados pode ser visualizado conforme abaixo:

Também podemos verificar através da seguinte query:

A mesma informação pode ser visualizada no alert.log:

Sat Jul 16 08:44:45 2016
AQPC started with pid=35, OS id=15902
Database Characterset for PDB$SEED is AL32UTF8
Opening pdb PDB$SEED (2) with no Resource Manager plan active
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN
Database Characterset for PSPDB is AL32UTF8
Opening pdb PSPDB (3) with no Resource Manager plan active
Pluggable database PSPDB opened read write
Completed: ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN
Starting background process CJQ0
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Sat Jul 16 08:44:48 2016
CJQ0 started with pid=36, OS id=16023
Sat Jul 16 08:44:49 2016
===========================================================
Dumping current patch information
===========================================================
Patch Id: 19769480
Patch Description: Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.2 (19769480)
Patch Apply Time: 2016-05-06 22:55:14 GMT+05:30
Bugs Fixed: 14643995,16359751,16870214,17835294,18250893,18288842,18354830,
18436647,18456643,18610915,18618122,18674024,18674047,18791688,18845653,
18849537,18885870,18921743,18948177,18952989,18964939,18964978,18967382,
18988834,18990693,19001359,19001390,19016730,19018206,19022470,19024808,
19028800,19044962,19048007,19050649,19052488,19054077,19058490,19065556,
19067244,19068610,19068970,19074147,19075256,19076343,19077215,19124589,
19134173,19143550,19149990,19154375,19155797,19157754,19174430,19174521,
19174942,19176223,19176326,19178851,19180770,19185876,19189317,19189525,
19195895,19197175,19248799,19279273,19280225,19289642,19303936,19304354,
19309466,19329654,19371175,19382851,19390567,19409212,19430401,19434529,
19439759,19440586,19468347,19501299,19518079,19520602,19532017,19561643,
19577410,19597439,19676905,19706965,19708632,19723336,19769480,20074391,
20284155

Patch Id: 20299023
Patch Description: Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.3 (20299023)
Patch Apply Time: 2016-05-06 22:56:42 GMT+05:30
Bugs Fixed: 16619249,17274537,18202441,18306996,18417036,18607546,18681056,
18856999,18909599,18940497,19012119,19018447,19023822,19035573,19065677,
19081128,19183343,19238590,19272708,19291380,19315691,19335438,19358317,
19385656,19393542,19487147,19512341,19524384,19536415,19547370,19597583,
19606174,19619732,19627012,19637186,19644859,19649152,19658708,19670108,
19684504,19687159,19730508,19791377,19805359,19841800,19865345,19873610,
19896336,19915271,19928926,19978542,20235511,20347562,20348653,20425790,
 20440930

Patch Id: 20831110
Patch Description: Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.4 (20831110)
Patch Apply Time: 2016-05-06 22:58:23 GMT+05:30
Bugs Fixed: 19284031,19307662,19399918,19699191,19703301,19989009,20093776,
20165574,20294666,20331945,20387265,20402832,20424899,20474192,20558005,
20657441,20746251,20899461,20919320,21225209

Patch Id: 21359755
Patch Description: Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.5 (21359755)
Patch Apply Time: 2016-05-06 23:00:02 GMT+05:30
Bugs Fixed: 17365043,18411216,18743542,18966843,19032777,19243521,19468991,
19571367,19587324,19791273,20048359,20122715,20134339,20245930,20281121,
20361671,20397490,20413820,20441797,20471920,20476175,20688221,20925795,
21281532,21421886,21442094,21620471,22062026

Patch Id: 21948354
Patch Description: Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160119 (21948354)
Patch Apply Time: 2016-05-06 23:01:39 GMT+05:30
Bugs Fixed: 16887946,17551063,17655240,17890099,18799063,18799993,18886413,
18973548,19141838,19326908,19490948,19604659,19689979,19869255,19879746,
19902195,20101006,20173897,20318889,20446883,20509482,20588502,20618595,
20794034,20869721,20877664,20890311,20951038,21188532,21300341,21517440,
21526048,21668627,21756699,21787056,21875360,22092979

Patch Id: 22291127
Patch Description: Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160419 (22291127)
Patch Apply Time: 2016-05-06 23:03:25 GMT+05:30
Bugs Fixed: 13542050,16439813,16923858,18499088,18893947,18914624,18990023,
19258504,19333670,19354335,19450314,19591608,19639483,19676012,19721304,
19777862,19835133,19883092,19888853,19990037,20043616,20117253,20124446,
20356733,20373598,20447445,20466628,20596234,20711718,20825533,20831538,
20879889,20904530,20936905,20952966,21091431,21153266,21260431,21273804,
21315084,21329301,21744290,21756661,21756677,21847223,21899588,21915719,
21917884,22046677,22168163,22173980,22353199,22353346,22374754,22528741,
22762046

Patch Id: 22674709
Patch Description: Database PSU 12.1.0.2.160419, Oracle JavaVM Component (Apr2016)
Patch Apply Time: 2016-05-06 23:04:29 GMT+05:30
Bugs Fixed: 19153980,19176885,19223010,19231857,19245191,19623450,19699946,
19855285,19877336,19895326,19895362,19909862,20408829,20408866,20415564,
21047766,21047803,21068507,21188537,21555660,21566944,21566993,21811517,
22118835,22118851,22139226,22670385,22670413,22674709

Patch Id: 23192060
Patch Description:
Patch Apply Time: 2016-05-06 23:05:07 GMT+05:30
Bugs Fixed: 19366375,19665921,19770063,21281607,21470120,21923026,23072137
===========================================================
Sat Jul 16 08:44:49 2016
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 6144 MB is 48.22% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Sat Jul 16 08:45:38 2016
SERVER COMPONENT id=UTLRP_BGN: timestamp=2016-07-16 08:45:38 Container=CDB$ROOT Id=1
diag_adl:SERVER COMPONENT id=UTLRP_END: timestamp=2016-07-16 08:45:41 Container=CDB$ROOT Id=1
diag_adl:
diag_adl:XDB installed.
diag_adl:
diag_adl:XDB initialized.
Sat Jul 16 08:54:28 2016
Resize operation completed for file# 1, old size 839680K, new size 849920K

Verificando via linha de comando os patches aplicados:

[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$ OPatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.1.0.1.10
Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 12.1.0.1.10
OUI version       : 12.1.0.2.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/OPatch/OPatch2016-07-16_15-37-52PM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : 

/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/OPatch/lsinv/lsinventory2016-07-16_15-37-52PM.txt

----------------------------------------------------------------------Local Machine Information::
Hostname: CKPT-DBaaS.compute-nassyambasha.oraclecloud.internal
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 12c                                                  12.1.0.2.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (3) :

Patch  23192060     : applied on Fri May 06 23:05:07 IST 2016
Unique Patch ID:  20172670
Created on 6 May 2016, 04:54:57 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19770063, 19366375, 21923026, 19665921, 23072137, 21281607, 21470120
This patch overlays patches:
22291127
This patch needs patches:
22291127
as prerequisites

Patch  22674709     : applied on Fri May 06 23:04:29 IST 2016
Unique Patch ID:  20057886
Patch description:  "Database PSU 12.1.0.2.160419, Oracle JavaVM Component (Apr2016)"
Created on 5 Apr 2016, 08:56:18 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
22674709, 19176885, 22670413, 19623450, 21566993, 19153980, 19855285
20415564, 21555660, 21047803, 21188537, 22670385, 19699946, 22139226
19909862, 21811517, 19223010, 21068507, 19895326, 19877336, 22118851
22118835, 20408829, 21047766, 19231857, 19895362, 19245191, 20408866, 21566944

Patch  22291127     : applied on Fri May 06 23:03:25 IST 2016
Unique Patch ID:  19694308
Patch description:  "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160419 (22291127)"
Created on 6 Apr 2016, 03:46:21 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch  21948354; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160119 (21948354)"
Sub-patch  21359755; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.5 (21359755)"
Sub-patch  20831110; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.4 (20831110)"
Sub-patch  20299023; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.3 (20299023)"
Sub-patch  19769480; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.2 (19769480)"
Bugs fixed:
21847223, 19189525, 19075256, 19141838, 22762046, 20117253, 19865345
19791273, 19280225, 18845653, 19248799, 20951038, 19243521, 21756699
18988834, 21281532, 19238590, 18921743, 20245930, 18799063, 19134173
20373598, 19571367, 20476175, 20925795, 19018206, 20711718, 20387265
20509482, 20588502, 19149990, 18849537, 17551063, 18886413, 19183343
19703301, 21917884, 19001390, 18202441, 19189317, 19644859, 19358317
19390567, 19279273, 19706965, 22528741, 19068970, 20825533, 19619732
18607546, 20348653, 19649152, 19670108, 18940497, 18948177, 19315691
19676905, 18964978, 19035573, 20165574, 19176326, 20413820, 20558005
19176223, 19532017, 20904530, 20134339, 19450314, 22353346, 19074147
18411216, 20361671, 20425790, 18966843, 21329301, 20294666, 19333670
19195895, 19307662, 19371175, 20043616, 19154375, 20124446, 18914624
19468991, 19883092, 19382851, 19520602, 19174521, 21875360, 19676012
19326908, 19658708, 19591608, 20093776, 20618595, 21787056, 17835294
19721304, 19791377, 19068610, 22173980, 20746251, 20048359, 19143550
19185876, 19627012, 20281121, 19577410, 22092979, 19001359, 19518079
18610915, 19490948, 18674024, 18306996, 19309466, 19081128, 19915271
20122715, 21188532, 18791688, 20284155, 20890311, 21442094, 20596234
18973548, 19303936, 19597439, 20936905, 20235511, 19888853, 21756677
18964939, 19354335, 19430401, 19044962, 19639483, 21153266, 22353199
19409212, 20657441, 19879746, 19684504, 19024808, 21260431, 21756661
18799993, 20877664, 19028800, 20879889, 19065556, 19723336, 19077215
19604659, 21421886, 19524384, 18288842, 19048007, 19689979, 20446883
18952989, 16870214, 19928926, 19835133, 21526048, 20466628, 19197175
19180770, 19902195, 20318889, 19730508, 19012119, 19067244, 20074391
20356733, 14643995, 19512341, 19841800, 20331945, 19587324, 19547370
19065677, 21225209, 19637186, 20397490, 18967382, 19174430, 19054077
18674047, 19536415, 19708632, 21091431, 19289642, 22168163, 20869721
19335438, 19258504, 20447445, 17365043, 18856999, 19468347, 20471920
19869255, 21620471, 16359751, 18990693, 17890099, 19769480, 19439759
19272708, 18990023, 19978542, 20402832, 20101006, 21300341, 19329654
19873610, 21744290, 13542050, 21517440, 21668627, 19304354, 19052488
20794034, 19291380, 21915719, 18681056, 20952966, 19896336, 19076343
19561643, 19990037, 18618122, 20440930, 18456643, 19699191, 19487147
18909599, 20831538, 18250893, 19016730, 18743542, 20347562, 16619249
18354830, 19777862, 19687159, 19174942, 20424899, 19989009, 20688221
21899588, 20441797, 19157754, 19032777, 19058490, 19399918, 18885870
19434529, 21273804, 19018447, 18893947, 16923858, 18417036, 20919320
19022470, 19284031, 20474192, 22046677, 20173897, 22062026, 19385656
19501299, 17274537, 20899461, 21315084, 19440586, 22374754, 16887946
19606174, 18436647, 17655240, 19023822, 19178851, 19124589, 16439813
19805359, 19597583, 18499088, 19155797, 19050649, 19393542
----------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@CKPT-DBaaS ~]$

Referências
https://docs.oracle.com/cloud/latest/dbcs_dbaas/CSDBI/GUID-C843AC5A-0C1C-4475-8EEC-3A13D1DD92B2.htm#CSDBI-GUID-C843AC5A-0C1C-4475-8EEC-3A13D1DD92B2

Yenugula Venkata Ravikumar é um DBA com mais de 15 anos de experiencia com Oracle e em ambientes de alta disponibilidade (RAC, Data Guard, dentre outros), tuning e desempenho, migrações, backup e recover, Oracle Exadata X2 e X3, é Expert em sistemas operacionais tais como como AIX, HP-UX e Linux. Já participou como conferencista de Oracle pela India, onde mora atualmente. Obteve o título de "Oracle Certified Master (OCM 10g)" em 2009.

Nassyam Basha é um DBA, OCM 11g, Oracle ACE Director e conta com experiência em tecnologias como Oracle Data Guard, RMAN, RAC. Ele já fez mais de 90 configurações do Data Guard em diferentes plataformas, de não-RAC RAC e vice-versa. Ele fez migrações bem-sucedidas com "switchovers" e "failovers" a vários bancos de dados de produção crítica. Ele participa ativamente de fóruns Oracle utilizando o usuário "CKPT" e ganhou mais de 10.000 pontos (nível guru). Publica regularmente artigos em seu blog www.oracle-ckpt.com e é co-autor do livro "Guia de Administração do Oracle Data Guard 11gR2".

Alex Zaballa, formado em Análise de Sistemas, é especialista em Banco de Dados Oracle com sólidos conhecimentos em Servidores de Aplicação e Sistemas Operacionais; trabalha com Oracle há 15 anos, é Oracle ACE Director, certificado OCM Database 12c/11G/Cloud e conta com mais de 200 outras certificações em produtos da Oracle. Alex também é membro do Groupo de Usuários Oracle do Brasil (GUOB), fundador do Grupo de Usuários Oracle de Angola (GUOA) e membro do time OraWorld.

Este artigo foi revisto pela equipe de produtos Oracle e está em conformidade com as normas e práticas para o uso de produtos Oracle.